In this, peduncle ends in a flower and from the base of it many lateral branches arise, which also terminate in flower. Morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes download in pdf morphology the study of various external features of the organism is knownas morphology. Comparative study of pollen morphology of some members. Flower morphology flowering plants have reproductive structures that attract pollinators, such as bees and hummingbirds, that aid in dispersing pollen to flowering plants. Euphorbia cyparissias l is an herbaceous species, widespread in the flora of romania, often founded in plant cultures and roadsides. In euphorbia, the inflorescence is peculiar but very characteristic and known as cyathium. In chapter s 2 and 3, we talked about classification of plants based on morphological and other characteristics. A high range of medicinally important applications is reported for plant euphorbia milii including a cure for cancer and wart. You wont find a better lowmaintenance annual for your beds, borders, or containers than euphorbia. Costa rica field guide costa rica field studies 202014 the nightingalebamford school 20 east 92nd street new york, ny 10128 table of contents. All the species mentioned are shrubs with the exception of euphorbia hirta, which is an herb. Euphorbia is a large genus of smooth and spiny shrubs and cactuslike succulents from 4 to 20 feet in the spurge family euphorbiaceae. Of the more than 1,600 species including poinsettia, castor bean and cassava, crown of thorns, e.
Most spurges such as euphorbia paralias are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are. Anatomy and the morphology of the flower of euphorbia. The study of various external features of the organism is knownas morphology. Euphorbia helioscopia, fruit, seed, development, morphology, anatomy, ecology, taxonomy introduction euphorbia helioscopia is an annual invasive weed that dominates many arable lands from romania and relatively little is known about its ontogenesis cycle. Morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes biology. Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its part that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes. Instead of showy flower petals, euphorbia has modified leaves, called bracts. Chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants morphology.
Plant morphology pdf introduction to floral morphology lesson. Morphology and taxonomic application of orbicules ubisch bodies in the genus euphorbia gamal elghazaly and ram chaudhary elghazaly, g. The calyx comprises of usually green floral leaves. The juice is also used for remedy of ringworms and other skin diseases. Comparative anatomical study on leaves of three euphorbia l. Flowers of the largest genus, euphorbia, are in cupshaped clusters called cyathia, each of which seems to be a single female flower but actually consists of a single pistil surrounded by several male flowers, each of which has a single stamen. Morphology and taxonomic application of orbicules ubisch bodies in the genus eirphorbia. It is also one of the most common euphorbia species growing in egypt 90. The morphology and relationships of dalechampia scandens. What most call flowers on euphorbia species are a bit more complex than that. This arrangement now also occurs on these lateral branches and is known multiparous cyme.
Pdf morphological study of some euphorbia taxa in iran. Pdf molecular marker study in ornamental plant euphorbia milii. Issr amplification pattern in three euphorbia milii varieties. Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the general term for the study of the morphology physical form and external structure of plants. Pdf morphological and anatomical characteristics of euphorbia. In general the pol l en i s isopolar, oblate spheroidal, medium. These are basically the euphorbias equivalent a true flowers bracts as they look a lot like the colored bracts seen on many other flowering plant species that have small. Martins ekor, in toxicological survey of african medicinal plants, 2014. The flowers are unisexual, with the male flower reduced to a single stamen on its own pedicel and the pistillate flower on its own pedicel. Euphorbia consanguinea schrenk has been recorded as being used in chinese traditional medicine in xinjiang, and e. Light and scanning microscopies were used to evaluate the sectional boundary of 17 species included by various authors ineuphorbia secttithymalopsis.
Morphology of flowering plants biology notes for neet. Based on seed shape, surface ornamentation, and mucilage formation, five seed morphological types were recognized in north american sectiontithymalopsis and related species. Antimicrobial studies on flowers of euphorbia milii devanaboyina narendra, a. Leaf epidermal studies of three species of euphorbia in. Flowers may be unisexual or bisexual, bracteate or ebractiate. Euphorbia tithymaloides is an american native that is widely grown in warm climates worldwide.
Morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes download in pdf morphology. Marx 1994 reports that a morphology based taxonomic revision of the euphorbia polygona species complex by detlef h. Euphorbia milii environmental horticulture university of florida. Euphorbia paralias, which belongs to this group, is a hardy perennial plant inhabiting sandy coasts and shingle beaches and it is native to the entire mediterranean region. Dudhithe plant is of medicinal value and used in many diseases of children and adults. These results did not provide added support for recent treatment of the.
The anatomy and the morphology of the flower of euphorbia, annals of botany. The euphorbiaceae are a large family, the spurge family, of flowering plants. Variation in cyathial morphology in this subgenus is particularly high and had. Any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its part that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to.
Morphology of flowering plants cbse notes for class 11. This spurge has won many top performance awards for its exceptional drought and heat tolerance. The best app for cbse students now provides morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes biology latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse exams and school based annual examinations. The anatomy and the morphology of the flower of euphorbia, annals of botany, volume os39, issue 4, october 1925.
The straight, slender spines help euphorbia milii scramble over other plants. Anatomy and the morphology of the flower of euphorbia annals of. The study of various external features of the organism is known. It is a shrub or a small tree endemic to tropical areas with pencillike branches from which it derives its vernacular name, the penciltree.
Systematic significance of the seed morphology and seed. Some species of euphorbia have been used in folk medicine over the centuries, especially in the euphorbia esula alliance. The anatomy and the morphology of the flower of euphorbia. For any successful attempt at classification and at. The objectives of the present study are 1 to show the different patterns in seed. This study focuses mainly on the pollen morphology of five 5 species in this family. A typical flower consists of four distinct circles of whorls of floral leaves, the calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium, arranged on the thalamus. Plants of the genus euphorbia are prolific producers of diterpenes of great biomedical interest. Euphorbia milii, commonly called crown of thorns, is a woody, succulent shrub that features a fleshy, bright green leaves, b inconspicuous flowers in clusters subtended by very showy petallike red or yellow bracts and c thick sharp black thorns to 12 long which cover its waterstoring branches and stems. The paper presents a comparative study on the leaf structure of three. Flowers are of one sex, and male and female flowers are usually borne on the same plant. Pdf molecular marker study in ornamental plant euphorbia. Morphology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of.
Morphology of flowering plants cbse notes for class 11 biology cbse notescbse notes class 11 biologyncert solutions biology the angiosperms or flowering plants show a large diversity in external structure called as morphology gk. Floral morphology of a few species of euphorbiaceae. Morphology of flowering plants biology notes for neetaiims. So it would be correct to say this plant has peach colored flowers, but no one would understand unless they knew which parts were the actual flowers. In cyathium inflorescence a large number of male flowers each represented by a stalked stamen are found arranged around a central stalked female flower.
Euphorbia is a very large and diverse genus of flowering plants, commonly called spurge, in the spurge family euphorbiaceae. The angiosperms are characterized by presence of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Plant anatomy and morphology a horticulturist who does not know the basic anatomy of plants is like is like a nurse that does not know basic human anatomy. Seed and gland morphology in euphorbia euphorbiaceae with focus on their systematic and.
In common english, they are sometimes called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. For any successful attempt at classification and at understanding any higher plant or for that. Apr 22, 2011 euphorbia wundulate has green or yellow nectar glands, but the flower parts are peach to pink colored. Flowering plants reach a height of 70180 cm 120 cm on average, 95%. A morphology based taxonomic revision of the euphorbia. Crown of thorns, euphorbia milii master gardener program. The leaves are found mainly on new growth and are obovate. Cbse biology chapter 5 morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Apr 21, 2017 morphology of flowering plants cbse notes for class 11 biology cbse notescbse notes class 11 biologyncert solutions biology the angiosperms or flowering plants show a large diversity in external structure called as morphology gk. It could turn out to be down right uncomfortable where heshe sticks that thermometer. A graceful annual, diamond frost arrives on stage in early summer wearing a glittering tiara of airy, white flowers that keep coming through september. It is a succulent climbing shrub with densely spiny stems.
It thrives in sun and partial shade, stands 1218 high, and blooms nonstop all season when planted in average soil. Nov 20, 2009 euphorbia is a large genus of smooth and spiny shrubs and cactuslike succulents from 4 to 20 feet in the spurge family euphorbiaceae. The beautiful crown of thorns, euphorbia milii was discovered by m. The vigorous grower so it can quickly fill a garden space. Gray, a new manual of botany, seventh edition, 1908.
Seed morphology of euphorbia species shows important characters particularly for the oriental species within that genus bossier 1862, 1866. The paper presents a comparative study on the leaf structure of three species belonging to euphorbiaceae. This is usually considered distinct from plant anatomy, which is the study of the internal structure of plants, especially at the microscopic level. This inflorescence is found in euphorbiaceae family like euphorbia, poinsettia. The flowering plant family euphorbiaceae has 300 genera and about 7,500 species, many of these plants are economically and medicinally important. It also produces and supports leaves and reproductive structures. Seed and gland morphology in euphorbia euphorbiaceae with.
Morphology of flowering plants class 11 notes download in pdf. Euphorbia flowers, an introduction to the amazing cyathia. Euphorbia is one of the largest recognized genera of flowering plants, with about. Stem facilitates conduction of water, minerals and food materials. The genus eiilphorbia is one of the largest genera of flower ing plants, with possibly over 2000 species and a worldwide. Also called christ thorn, christ plant the beautiful crown of thorns, euphorbia milii was discovered by m. The anatomy and the morphology of the flower of euphorbia, annals of botany, volume os39, issue 4, 1 october 1925, pages 657705.
The anatomy of the root, stem and leaf reveals the presence of. The poll en morphology of four succul ent speci es of euphorbia l. Lane primer ubc803, lane 46 primer ubc808, lane 79 primer ubc814, lane 11 primer ubc822. Some plants, however, are instead dependent on the wind to pollinate. Ubisch bodies in the genus euphorbia gamal elghazaly and ram chaudhary elghazaly, g. This tough plant offers outstanding heat and drought resistance. Webster department of botany and department of agronomy and range science, university of california, davis a b s t r a c t the circumtropical but preponderantly american genus dalechampia, comprising nearly. Flowers may be unisexual or bisexual, bracteate or ebracteate. Morphology and taxonomic application of orbicules ubisch. Dissectaflower pdf introduction to flower structure. The individual flowers, set within a cyathium, which is the basic unit of the inflorescence of euphorbia, are surrounded by a number of bracts which form a unique floral envelope or involucre. Chhoti dudhithe juice of leaves and seeds is used as a strong purgative. Euphorbia is sometimes used in ordinary english to collectively refer to all members of euphorbiaceae in deference to the type genus, not just to members of the genus. This species is a good example of convergent evolution because it resembles arborescent north american cacti that are adapted to a similar desert environment.
Complete flower hermaphrodite calyx k corolla c androecium a gynoecium g flower diagram 4. Antimicrobial studies on flowers of euphorbia milii. Seed and gland morphology in euphorbia euphorbiaceae. Of interest this week at beal crownofthorns euphorbia milii.
Euphorbia ingens, a large, treelike euphorbia photographed in its native habitat of south africa. Morphology and anatomy of flowers of dalechampia stipulacea. The morphology and anatomy of the flower of dalechampia alata, as well as the chemical nature of the exudates secreted in the inflorescence were studied using light microscope. Euphorbia is one of the three most speciesrich genera of flowering plants with more than. Phylogenetics and morphological evolution of euphorbia subgenus. Most spurges such as euphorbia paralias are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees, such as hevea brasiliensis. Euphorbia hirta, euphorbia heterophylla, euphorbia hyssopifolia, jatropha gossypiifolia and ricinus communis.
However, they all are characterised by the presence of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. Floral morphologya new outlook with special reference to the interpretation of the gyn. Morphology of the flower flower is highly modified reproductive shoot. The calyx comprises of usually green floral leaves, the sepals and forms the outermost protective whorl. Euphorbia milii is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family euphorbiaciae, native to madagascar. Systematic significance of the seed morphology and seed coat. The flowers are unisexual, with the male flower reduced to a single stamen. The study of various external features of the organism is known as morphology. Morphology of flowering plants points to remember morphology. The morphology of the genus euphorbiathe genus euphorbia, the largest of the family euphorbiaceae, exhibits much uniformity in its general morphology, but great diversity in its more detailed characters. Cbse aipmt 2012 seeds of orchids have oilrich endosperm placentation in primrose is basal flower of tulip is a modified shoot in tomato, fruit is a capsule. Q34 which one of the following statements is correct.
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